Feb 24, · Whether you’re in high school or in college, there will be some point in time where you will be asked to write a persuasive speech. Knowing how to write a persuasive speech may come in handy during the course of your career, depending on which career you choose. Writing a persuasive speech isn’t always easy Speech Writing Tips and Outline Examples. Once in a while every student is asked to write a speech and perform in front of the audience. It can become a stressful task, as requires lots of time, attention to details and analysis of the target audience Mar 14, · Persuasive – A persuasive speech works to convince people to change in some way: they think, the way they do something, or to start doing something that they are not currently doing. Some examples of persuasive speeches: Become an organ donor; Improve your health through better eating; Television violence is negatively influencing our children
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Do you think you are easily persuaded? Persuasion is difficult because changing views often makes people feel like they were either not informed or ill informed, which also means they have to admit they were wrong about something.
They are ethos, logos, pathos, positive motivation, negative motivation, cognitive dissonance, appeal to safety needs, appeal to social needs, and appeal to self-esteem needs. Ethos refers to the credibility of a speaker and includes three dimensions: competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism. A speaker can enhance their perceived competence by presenting a speech based in solid research and that is well organized and practiced.
Competent speakers must know the content of their speech and be able to effectively deliver that content. Trustworthiness refers to the degree that audience members perceive a speaker to be presenting accurate, credible information in a nonmanipulative way. Perceptions of trustworthiness come from the content of the speech and the personality of the speaker.
In terms of content, trustworthy speakers consider the audience throughout the speech-making process, present information in a balanced way, do not coerce the audience, cite credible sources, and follow the general principles of communication ethics. Two components of dynamism are charisma and energy. Charisma refers to a mixture of abstract and concrete qualities that make a speaker attractive to an audience. City Temple SDA Church, Dallas, Texas — Februrary 2, persuasive speeches to buy,Oakwood University, Dynamic Priase — CC BY-SA 2.
Unfortunately, charisma is difficult to intentionally develop, and some people seem to have a naturally charismatic personality, while others do not. Communicating enthusiasm for your topic and audience by presenting relevant content and using engaging delivery strategies such as vocal variety and eye contact can increase your dynamism.
Logos refers to the reasoning or logic of an argument. Speakers employ logos by presenting credible information as supporting material and verbally citing their sources during their speech. Using the guidelines from our earlier discussion of reasoning will also help a speaker create a rational appeal.
Carefully choosing supporting material that is verifiable, specific, and unbiased can help a speaker appeal to logos. Presenting a rational and logical argument is important, but speakers can be more effective persuaders if they bring in and refute counterarguments. In short, by clearly showing an audience why one position is superior to another, speakers do not leave an audience to fill in the blanks of an argument, which could diminish the persuasive opportunity.
Pathos refers to emotional appeals. Aristotle was suspicious of too much emotional appeal, yet this appears to have become more acceptable in public speaking. Stirring emotions in an audience is a way to get them involved in the speech, and involvement can create more opportunities for persuasion and action. Reading in the paper that a house was burglarized may get your attention, persuasive speeches to buy, but think about how different your reaction would be if you found out persuasive speeches to buy was your persuasive speeches to buy home.
Effective speakers should use emotional appeals that are also logically convincing, since audiences may be suspicious of a speech that is solely based on emotion. Emotions lose their persuasive effect more quickly than other types of persuasive appeals. Since emotions are often reactionary, they fade relatively quickly when a person is removed from the provoking situation Fletcher, Emotional appeals are also difficult for some because they require honed delivery skills and the ability to use words powerfully and dramatically.
Think of how stirring Martin Luther King Jr. King used powerful and creative language in conjunction with his vocalics to deliver one of the most famous speeches in our history. Speakers can also use literal images, displayed using visual aids, to appeal to pathos. Speakers should strive to appeal to ethos, logos, and pathos within a speech. A speech built primarily on ethos might lead an audience to think that a speaker is full of himself or herself, persuasive speeches to buy.
A speech full of facts and statistics appealing to logos would result in information overload. Speakers who rely primarily on appeals to pathos may be seen as overly passionate, biased, or unable to see other viewpoints. Review of Ethos, Logos, persuasive speeches to buy, and Pathos. More recently, persuasive strategies have been identified based on theories and evidence related to human psychology. Although based in psychology, such persuasive strategies are regularly employed and researched in communication due to their role in advertising, marketing, politics, and interpersonal relationships.
The psychologically based persuasive appeals we will discuss are cognitive dissonance, positive and negative motivation, and appeals to needs. When dissonant combinations of notes are played, we react by wincing or cringing because the sound is unpleasant to our ears. So dissonance is that unpleasant feeling we get when two sounds clash. The same principle applies to cognitive dissonancewhich refers to the mental discomfort that results when new information clashes with or contradicts currently held beliefs, attitudes, persuasive speeches to buy, or values.
In short, when persuasive speeches to buy information clashes with previously held information, there is an unpleasantness that results, as we have to try to reconcile the difference. As we have learned, people are resistant to change and not easy to persuade.
New, persuasive speeches to buy, larger, and more graphic warning labels on cigarette packaging are meant to induce cognitive dissonance. Mettamatt — Smoking ad campaign — CC BY-SA 2. There are many different mental and logical acrobatics that people do to get themselves out of dissonance. As you can see, none of those actually results in a person modifying their thinking, which means persuasive speech goals are not met, persuasive speeches to buy.
Positive and negative motivation are common persuasive strategies used by teachers, parents, and public speakers. Rewards can be used for positive motivation, and the threat of punishment or negative consequences can be used for negative motivation. When using positive motivationspeakers implicitly or explicitly convey to the audience that listening to their message or following their advice will lead to positive results. Positive and negative motivation as persuasive strategies match well with appeals to needs and will be discussed more next.
They include physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs Maslow, Since these needs are fundamental to human survival and happiness, tapping into needs is a common persuasive strategy, persuasive speeches to buy. Appeals to needs are often paired with positive or negative motivation, which can increase the persuasiveness of the message.
Physiological needs form the base of the hierarchy of needs. The closer the needs are to the base, the more important they are for human survival. Speakers do not appeal to physiological needs. Some speakers attempt to appeal to self-actualization needs, but I argue that this is difficult to do ethically.
Self-actualization refers to our need to achieve our highest potential, and these needs are much more intrapersonal than the others. We achieve our highest potential through things that are individual to us, and these are often things that we protect from outsiders. Some examples include pursuing higher education and intellectual fulfillment, pursuing art or music, or pursuing religious or spiritual fulfillment. These are often things we do by ourselves and for ourselves, so I like to think of this as sacred ground that should be left alone.
Speakers are more likely to be successful at focusing on safety, social, persuasive speeches to buy, and self-esteem needs. We satisfy our safety needs when we work to preserve our safety and the safety of our loved ones. Speakers persuasive speeches to buy combine appeals to safety with positive motivation by presenting information that will result in increased safety and security. Combining negative motivation and safety needs depends on using some degree of fear as a motivator.
Think of how the insurance industry relies on appeals to safety needs for their business. While this is not necessarily a bad strategy, it can be done more or less ethically. Ethics of Using Fear Appeals.
I saw a perfect example of a persuasive appeal to safety while waiting at the shop for my car to be fixed. The first statistic noted that at least persuasive speeches to buy children a week are killed when they are backed over in a driveway or parking lot.
The statistic is followed by safety tips to empower the audience to address the threat. You can see a video example of how this organization effectively uses fear appeals in Video click to see video. This video illustrates how a fear appeal aimed at safety needs can be persuasive. The goal is to get the attention of audience members and compel them to check out the information the organization provides, persuasive speeches to buy.
Since the information provided by the organization supports the credibility of the threat, empowers the audience to address the threat, and is free, this is an example of an ethical fear appeal.
Our social needs relate to our desire to belong to supportive and caring groups. We meet social needs through interpersonal relationships ranging from acquaintances to intimate partnerships. We also become part of interest groups or social or political groups that help create our sense of identity. The existence and power of peer pressure is a testament to the motivating power of social needs.
Positive and negative motivation can be combined with social appeals. We all have a need to think well of ourselves and have others think well of us, which ties to our self-esteem needs.
Messages that combine appeals to self-esteem needs and positive motivation often promise increases in respect and status. A financial planner may persuade by inviting a receiver to imagine prosperity that will result from accepting his or her message. A publicly supported radio persuasive speeches to buy may persuade listeners to donate money to the station by highlighting a potential contribution to society, persuasive speeches to buy.
The health and beauty industries may persuade consumers to buy their products by promising increased attractiveness. While it may seem shallow to entertain such ego needs, persuasive speeches to buy are an important part of our psychological makeup. Instead, persuasive speeches to buy, ethical speakers should use appeals to self-esteem that focus on prosperity, contribution, and attractiveness in ways that empower listeners.
Review of Persuasive Strategies. She uses, more than once, all the persuasive strategies discussed in this chapter. As you watch the speech, answer the following questions:. Title: Education behind Bars Is the Key to Rehabilitation. General persuasive speeches to buy To persuade. Specific purpose : By the end of my speech, my audience will believe that prisoners should have the right to an education.
Thesis statement: There should be education in all prisons, because denying prisoners an education has negative consequences for the prisoner and society, while providing them with an education provides benefits for the prisoner and society. Introduction of topic: While we value education as an important part of our society, we do not value it equally for all. Credibility and relevance: While researching this topic, my eyes were opened up to how much an education can truly affect a prisoner, and given my desire to be a teacher, I am invested in preserving the right to learn for everyone, even if they are behind bars.
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A persuasive speech looks like a tough challenge for many students. The main mission is to convince your listeners that your point is the only right even if it is not. Your speech should come as the ultimate resolution to all problems arising during your performance Identifying Persuasive Strategies in Mary Fisher’s “Whisper of AIDS” Speech. Mary Fisher’s speech at the Republican National Convention, “A Whisper of AIDS,” is one of the most moving and powerful speeches of the past few decades. She uses, more than once, all the persuasive strategies discussed in Speech Writing Tips and Outline Examples. Once in a while every student is asked to write a speech and perform in front of the audience. It can become a stressful task, as requires lots of time, attention to details and analysis of the target audience
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